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- July 4, 2008 |
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"Resistin and Fasting-Induced Adipose Factor (FIAF) in the Brain and Pituitary: Implications for Insulin Resistance and Obesity"Dr. Russell Brown (biography)
English - 2005-05-06 - 29 minutes
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Summary :
In this presentation Russell Brown discusses experimental evidence for expression of the adipokines resistin and fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF) in non-adipose tissues, and studies providing insights into the nature of expression of these genes.
Insulin and leptin are examples of hormones from the periphery that have been found to act in the brain, affecting food intake, energy expenditure and glucose production (1). Of interest here are the orexigenic pathway (NPY expressing neurons) and the anorexigenic pathway (melanocortin neurons) (2).
Resistin was recently discovered as a PPAR gamma target gene, and has been found to induce supressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in adipocytes, which inhibits insulin and leptin signaling. FIAF is a PPAR alpha/gamma target gene that is thought to play a role in preventing lipid accumulation, inhibiting lipoprotein lipase, and in angiogenesis. Its overexpression has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in diabetic mouse models.
Resistin expression has been found in fat as well as the brain and pituitary (3), and it co-localizes with alpha-MSH, a marker of melanocortin neurons (4). FIAF is also expressed in the pituitary, brain and adipose tissue (5).
In order to study resistin and FIAF gene expression, studies have been conducted with siRNA-mediated knockdown of resistin and FIAF in N-1 hypothalamic cells, and results from these and in vivo studies suggest a kind of cross-talk between the two genes.
Copyright © 2005 E-MedHosting.com Inc.
Learning objectives :
Key Discussion Points:
- The brain and pituitary gland express adipokines including resistin and fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF);
- RNA interference is an effective tool to study adipokines;
- These brain-derived adipokines may prove to be therapeutic targets for obesity and brain development, cell signaling and angiogenesis.
Bibliographic references :
1. Schwartz MW, Porte D Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brainScience. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):375-9.
2. Schwartz MW and Morton GJ. “Keeping Hunger at Bay.” Nature 2002 Aug 8; 418:596-597.
3. Barbara A. Morash, Diane Willkinson, Ehud Ur and Michael Wilkinson. Resistin expression and regulation in mouse pituitary FEBS Lett. 2002; 526(1-3):26-30.
4. Michael Wilkinson, Diane Wilkinson, Glen Wiesner, Barbara Morash, Ehud UrHypothalamic Resistin Immunoreactivity Is Reduced b y Obesity in the Mouse: Co-Localization with (alpha)-Melanostimulating Hormone Neuroendocrinology 2005;81:19-30.
5. G Wiesner, BA Morash, E Ur, and M Wilkinson. Food restriction regulates adipose-specific cytokines in pituitary gland but not in hypothalamus Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 180, Issue 3, R1-R6.
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