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- July 4, 2008 |
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"Neural Control of Energy Balance"Prof. Stephen C. Woods (biography)
English - 2005-04-14 - 32 minutes
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Summary :
Knowledge of the hormones, neurotransmitters and neural pathways that regulate energy homeostasis is increasing at a rapid pace. Food intake was historically thought to occur in response to acute energy demands; however, current evidence suggests that meals occur based on habit and convenience rather than on metabolic need. Most individuals maintain stable body weights over long intervals by means of controls over meal size.
This presentation will review current understanding of signals that mediate the brain controls over energy homeostasis, focusing on signals that control food intake.
Some signals initiate meals (exemplified by the stomach hormone, ghrelin) and others terminate them (exemplified by “satiety” signals such as cholecystokinin). Other signals reflect the size of adipose stores (i.e., the total amount of fat in the body), as exemplified by the adipose hormone, leptin, and the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Normal eating behavior is based on integration of meal-related and body fat-related signals with brain circuits sensitive to situational variables (e.g., stress; experience; the social situation). The general principle is that when an individual is underweight, decreased levels of adiposity signals allow larger meals to be consumed, and the opposite occurs during states of positive energy balance.
Discussion will focus on differences between insulin and leptin as adiposity signals, on how they interact with satiety signals, on where in the brain metabolic signals are detected and on how they are integrated to maintain energy balance over long intervals.
Learning objectives :
After viewing this presentation, participants will be able to discuss:
• The satiety system of energy balance
• The adiposity system of energy balance
• The central integrators of energy balance
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